For millions, a job is no longer enough to afford housing—yet the myth that homeless people don't work still dominates public opinion.
Originally published in Invisible People .
While homeless and living in a shelter, one of my neighbors was a woman not much older than my Mom. One day, I learned that she was a certified full-time medical assistant. Her husband, disabled, was not able to work. Due to rising rents in New York City, they couldn't afford to pay their rent anymore. That's how they eventually landed a few doors down from me.
At the time, it just seemed so unbelievable that a medical professional wasn't able to afford a place to live. Eventually, I realized that most of us in that shelter, aside from those who were disabled or elderly, were working.
While it's true that many homeless people do work, it's also true that a lot of people don't believe it. Many instead think homeless people don't work or don't want to work. This is by far one of the most misleading stereotypes about homeless people.
According to a 2021 97-page study from the Becker-Friedman Institute for Economics at the University of Chicago, 53% of homeless shelter residents are employed. Additionally, the study found that at least 40.4% of unsheltered homeless people are employed.
In an interview with the University of Chicago News, poverty scholar Professor Bruce Meyer explained how homeless people are frequently left out of vital poverty statistics:
"People experiencing homelessness are among the most deprived individuals in the United States, yet they are neglected in official poverty statistics and other surveys," he said. "As a result, policymakers and others interested in understanding this have never had complete or reliable information from which to guide decision-making."
Moreover, Brian Goldstone, author of There Is No Place For Us , shared in a recent essay that not only are working homeless people excluded from official homeless counts, but policymakers also ignore them and have been for decades. This means that official homeless counts, which many policy decisions are based on, are completely inaccurate.
"These workers aren't 'falling' into homelessness. They are being pushed," Goldstone said.
Goldstone leads us back to the Reagan administration to help us understand where and how this all began.
The message that "homeless people just need to get a job" was actually deliberately put into motion decades ago. As homelessness surged in the 80s, the Reagan administration carefully began shaping the public's perception of the homeless crisis.
"Officials downplayed its severity while muddying its root causes. Federal funding for research on homelessness was steered almost exclusively toward studies that emphasized mental illness and addiction, diverting attention from structural forces — gutted funding for low-income housing, a shredded safety net," said Goldstone.
Before long, many Americans believed that drug addiction and an unwillingness to work were the root causes of homelessness. It quickly became about the personal failings of homeless people and not about the true cause – deeply-rooted systemic efforts to defund affordable housing and social services, which ultimately made way for a sudden surge of homelessness in America.
Even now, decades later, many still believe this lie to be true. That is because government officials and policymakers continue to distort and downplay the severity of the homeless crisis even today. For example, homeless counts are notorious for being inaccurate , as it's extremely difficult to get a reliable count. But it's far beyond that. Official counts don't properly include all forms of homelessness.
"Recent research suggests that the true number of people experiencing homelessness — factoring in those living in cars or motel rooms, or doubled up with others — is at least six times as high as official counts," Goldstone said.
More and more working people are being pushed into homelessness every single day. You're probably wondering, well, how could that be true while government officials claim that employment is at an all-time high and the job market is booming ? Let me tell you, it sure does not feel like it, and that is probably because it is not true. Since 1985, rent prices have exceeded income gains by 325% . Low-income earners are severely cost-burdened.
Like many homeless people, I was also employed and working while I was homeless. But here's another thing: even now, years later, I have never had a "normal" full-time job with benefits. Not once. In the times I have tried, it was always me versus several thousand other applicants.
So, yes, there is an abundance of work – freelance work, contract work, side gigs, even main gigs. But that safe and steady full-time job with benefits? Not really. Full-time jobs with benefits that pay a living wage? Those are scarce. Many employers hire and promote from within; when they don't, the competition for these jobs can be outrageous.
In today's America, the norm is working multiple jobs to get by. Maybe one job doesn't offer stable, regular hours, and the other only pays minimum wage. Your Uber driver likely works another job, maybe even two. Your Instacart shopper, too. There are so many people who are working like this, and they don't have sick leave, they don't have insurance benefits, and working hard does not in any way translate to job safety or stability.
Today, work is no longer something we can count on, and safe, affordable housing is also out of reach. Once upon a time, we were taught that anyone could make an honest living by doing honest work. And that was probably (mostly) true a long time ago. Today, we know that is not the case.
Perhaps we shouldn't have taught this in the first place. Do we deserve housing only if we can produce enough labor? What about those who cannot work and who cannot generate capital? Our worth being measured by our labor is a sentiment that is not only ableist but has also led to ableist policy decisions, with SSI payments being capped at $967 a month, which is not enough to live anywhere.
"We have the resources and historical precedents (as well as models in America's peer countries) to ensure that everyone has a home — what we lack is the political will. Homelessness persists not because we don't know how to solve it but because the structures of power in this country benefit from maintaining the status quo," Goldstone told Invisible People.
Housing should not be considered a luxury but a right for all. Housing should not be something to capitalize on that only the privileged few can access and the richest can profit from.
As Goldstone eloquently said in his essay, "When millions of people are one medical bill, one missed paycheck, one rent hike away from losing their homes — who, exactly, is safe?"
The answer is no one. No one is safe.
Jocelyn Figueroa studied Creative Non-Fiction at The New School and is a blogger and freelance writer based out of New York City. Formerly homeless, she launched her own blog discussing shelter life in New York City. Today, Jocelyn is on a mission to build connections through storytelling and creative writing. Check out her book about homelessness at https://ko-fi.com/scartissueproject.
The second mechanism is AI-driven performance monitoring. Digital surveillance tools have expanded, particularly in remote and hybrid work environments. AI enables real-time tracking of employee effort, leading to longer working hours. Our study examines the COVID-19 period as a natural experiment, when AI-driven monitoring surged due to remote work. Jobs that were more 'remote-feasible' at the onset of COVID-19 experienced dramatic improvement in remote work monitoring during the next two years. Occupations with high exposure to AI surveillance technologies – such as customer service representatives, stockers and order fillers, dispatchers, and truck drivers – experienced longer work hours post COVID even after workers returned to the office. This effect was absent among the self-employed, confirming that it is not simply the nature of AI-exposed jobs but the principal-agent dynamics of employment that drive longer work hours. Monitoring increases employer oversight and tightens performance expectations, often at the cost of work-life balance. Some AI-intensive roles saw the introduction of automated performance scores, leading employees to work harder to avoid falling behind peers in algorithm-driven assessments.
I have noted to my dismay that most of my colleagues do not even look at these – they simply sign off on them."
Rather than relying on corporate funding, outlets like 404 Media and Defector earn revenue from paid reader subscriptions. Many employee-owned media companies also take little or no money from advertisers. For instance, in 2023, Morning Brew reported that Defector got 95 percent of its revenue from subscribers during its first year [2020], and "outside of a few small, DTC brands, the company was focusing on other areas of the business rather than advertising; a year later, Defector said it had 'largely stopped' running ads on its site and in its newsletters."
In 2025, Brett White, the editor-in-chief of the employee-owned entertainment news outlet Pop Heist, told Poynter he was "very adamant against on-site advertising." He added, "Just as much as corporate interests and the Google algorithm notification of everything has ruined pop culture journalism, I think ads have as well."
Besides helping journalists avoid pressure from advertisers and corporate overseers, employee ownership can boost job security. According to a 2022 study published by IZA World of Labor, worker-owned companies "have more stability, higher survival rates, and fewer layoffs in recessions."....
Now that lawmakers in a multitude of states have supported the idea, it's worth unpacking just how incredibly foolish and dangerous these proposals are. In summary, exempting tips from taxes would:
A recent survey by Resume Now reveals that financial stress has reached a breaking point for American workers, with 73% of employees struggling to afford anything beyond their basic living expenses.
The 2025 Wage Reality Report reveals a growing dissatisfaction with salaries, rising living costs, and the toll these challenges are taking on workplace morale. Based on responses from 1,065 U.S. workers surveyed in December 2024, the report sheds light on the widening gap between wages and the cost of modern living.
So, what are the real impacts of this financial stress on workers' lives, and how are they coping with the challenges of rising costs and stagnant wages?
Key Findings
link from nakedcapitalism.com
In the Biden years, many pundits argued that unemployment doesn't matter much because a one percentage point drop in the unemployment rate just means another 1.6 million people have jobs. That doesn't seem like a very big deal in a workforce of 160 million.
But this reasoning is badly confused. Full employment matters not just because it reduces the number of people who are unable to find jobs, but also because it improves the bargaining position of tens of millions of workers. The point is simple, but huge.
In a normal month 5-6 million people lose or leave their job, with the vast majority looking for new ones. That translates into 60-70 million people over the course of the year coming into direct contact with the state of the labor market. For these people it matters enormously if there is a strong labor market near full employment or a sagging labor market where people struggle to find jobs.
In a strong labor market these workers will be able to move to better jobs that pay more and offer better working conditions. It's not an accident that we saw a record level of workplace satisfaction in 2023 after we had record rates of job switches the prior year.
The ability to leave for a better job also leaves workers better positioned to get pay raises at their current job, if they decide not to leave. This is especially true for workers at the lower end of the wage distribution. They have far more bargaining power than in a weak labor market.....
Jan 10, 2025 By Emma Curchin, John Schmitt, CEPR
...."...even after the full implementation of the ACA, more than 27 million US residents still remain without health insurance.1 As we document here, almost 16 million of the uninsured are workers in full-time jobs, part-time jobs, or unemployed and actively seeking work. Over 10 million of these uninsured workers hold year-round, full-time jobs.
Workers between the ages of 18 and 64 have long been less likely than the average US resident to have health insurance (see Figure 1). Many workers fall through the holes in the patchwork of health insurance coverage, which includes employer-provided plans, individually purchased coverage through state-level health exchanges, and Medicaid (which is especially important for low-income workers). The vast majority of workers are ineligible for key government health insurance programs that provide higher rates of coverage for other populations. Workers under the age of 65, for example, are not eligible for the Medicare program, which provides nearly universal coverage for the US population 65 and older. Workers are also generally too old to qualify for the Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP), which, together with Medicaid, produces uninsured rates for children that are about half those of adult workers.2 Finally, a sizable share of the workforce lives in households with incomes that push them above the thresholds where they would qualify for Medicaid and other forms of need-based coverage.....
As the data show, some groups of workers are much more likely than others to be uninsured. Workers who experience any spell of unemployment during the course of a year are the most likely to be without insurance (18.7 percent), followed by part-time or part-year workers (14.4 percent). But even a large share of full-time, full-year workers (10.5 percent) go without any health insurance coverage from any source during the course of the year.....